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Uses of expandable graphite:
1. The field of environmental protection. The expandable graphite obtained by high-temperature expansion has a rich pore structure, so it has excellent adsorption properties, so it has a wide range of applications in environmental protection and biomedicine. The pore structure of expandable graphite has two types: open pores and closed pores, the pore volume accounts for about 98%, and it is dominated by large pores, with a pore size distribution range of 1-10.3 nm. Because it is dominated by macropores and mesopores, it is different from microporous materials such as activated carbon in terms of adsorption characteristics. It is suitable for liquid phase adsorption, but not for gas phase adsorption. In liquid phase adsorption, it is lipophilic and hydrophobic. For example, 1 g of expandable graphite can absorb more than 80 g of heavy oil, so it is a promising environmental protection material for removing oil pollution on water surfaces. In the wastewater treatment of chemical enterprises, microorganisms (bacteria) are often used for treatment. Expandable graphite is a good microbial carrier, especially in the treatment of water polluted by organic macromolecules of oils and fats. Due to its good chemical stability and reproducibility, it has a good application prospect.
2. Medicine. Expanded graphite has the characteristics of good biocompatibility, non-toxic, odorless, and no side effects, and is a very important class of biomedical materials. Based on excellent adsorption and drainage properties, breathable and water permeable properties, less adhesion to wounds, no blackening of wounds, and adsorption and inhibition of various bacteria, expanded graphite composites can be used as external wound dressings with excellent performance, can replace conventional gauze dressings, and are very effective for burns and other wounds.
3. High-energy battery materials. Expandable graphite is used as a battery material, which converts the free energy change of the interlayer reaction of expandable graphite into electrical energy. Usually expandable graphite is used as the cathode, lithium is used as the anode, or expandable graphite composite silver oxide is used as the cathode, and zinc is used as the anode. Fluorinated graphite, graphitic acid, and expandable graphites of metal halides such as AuCl3 and TiF4 have been used in batteries.
4. Flame retardant and fireproof. Due to the expandability of expandable graphite and its high temperature resistance, expandable graphite becomes an excellent sealing material and is widely used in fireproof sealing strips. There are two main forms: one is to mix, vulcanize, and mold expandable graphite materials with rubber materials, inorganic flame retardants, accelerators, vulcanizing agents, reinforcing agents, fillers, etc., to make various specifications of intumescent sealing strips, which are mainly used for fire doors, fire glass windows and other occasions. This kind of expansion sealing strip can play the role of blocking the flow of smoke from the beginning to the end under normal temperature and fire. The other is to use glass fiber tape as the carrier, and the expandable graphite is bonded to the carrier with some kind of adhesive. The carbonized product formed by this adhesive at high temperature can provide shear resistance that can effectively prevent graphite from slipping. It is mainly used for fire doors, but it cannot effectively block the flow of cold smoke at room temperature or low temperature, so it must be used in conjunction with room temperature sealants.
5. Sealing material. The raw material high-carbon graphite is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid for acidification treatment, heat treatment and then compression molding. The prepared flexible graphite is a new type of high-performance sealing material and a nano-material grown in situ. Compared with traditional sealing materials such as asbestos rubber, it has excellent properties such as good compressibility, resilience, self-adhesiveness, and low density, and can be used for a long time under harsh working conditions such as high temperature and high corrosion. Graphite sheets and sealing components made of it are widely used in aerospace, machinery, electronics, nuclear energy, petrochemical, electric power, shipbuilding, smelting and other industries. Because it has excellent characteristics such as light weight, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, good resilience, lubricity, plasticity and chemical stability, it is known as the "King of Sealing" in the world.
6. Other applications. Expandable graphite has good electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrothermal conversion rate is over 97%, and can generate far infrared rays. It is a new type of heating material. Expanded graphite is crushed into fine powder, which has strong scattering and absorption characteristics for infrared waves, and is a good infrared shielding (stealth) material. In addition, expanded graphite can also be used as thermal insulation, sound insulation materials, electromagnetic shielding components, catalytic materials, and can also be used as a new type of mold slag and heating agent in the metallurgical industry.
Uses of expandable graphite:
1. The field of environmental protection. The expandable graphite obtained by high-temperature expansion has a rich pore structure, so it has excellent adsorption properties, so it has a wide range of applications in environmental protection and biomedicine. The pore structure of expandable graphite has two types: open pores and closed pores, the pore volume accounts for about 98%, and it is dominated by large pores, with a pore size distribution range of 1-10.3 nm. Because it is dominated by macropores and mesopores, it is different from microporous materials such as activated carbon in terms of adsorption characteristics. It is suitable for liquid phase adsorption, but not for gas phase adsorption. In liquid phase adsorption, it is lipophilic and hydrophobic. For example, 1 g of expandable graphite can absorb more than 80 g of heavy oil, so it is a promising environmental protection material for removing oil pollution on water surfaces. In the wastewater treatment of chemical enterprises, microorganisms (bacteria) are often used for treatment. Expandable graphite is a good microbial carrier, especially in the treatment of water polluted by organic macromolecules of oils and fats. Due to its good chemical stability and reproducibility, it has a good application prospect.
2. Medicine. Expanded graphite has the characteristics of good biocompatibility, non-toxic, odorless, and no side effects, and is a very important class of biomedical materials. Based on excellent adsorption and drainage properties, breathable and water permeable properties, less adhesion to wounds, no blackening of wounds, and adsorption and inhibition of various bacteria, expanded graphite composites can be used as external wound dressings with excellent performance, can replace conventional gauze dressings, and are very effective for burns and other wounds.
3. High-energy battery materials. Expandable graphite is used as a battery material, which converts the free energy change of the interlayer reaction of expandable graphite into electrical energy. Usually expandable graphite is used as the cathode, lithium is used as the anode, or expandable graphite composite silver oxide is used as the cathode, and zinc is used as the anode. Fluorinated graphite, graphitic acid, and expandable graphites of metal halides such as AuCl3 and TiF4 have been used in batteries.
4. Flame retardant and fireproof. Due to the expandability of expandable graphite and its high temperature resistance, expandable graphite becomes an excellent sealing material and is widely used in fireproof sealing strips. There are two main forms: one is to mix, vulcanize, and mold expandable graphite materials with rubber materials, inorganic flame retardants, accelerators, vulcanizing agents, reinforcing agents, fillers, etc., to make various specifications of intumescent sealing strips, which are mainly used for fire doors, fire glass windows and other occasions. This kind of expansion sealing strip can play the role of blocking the flow of smoke from the beginning to the end under normal temperature and fire. The other is to use glass fiber tape as the carrier, and the expandable graphite is bonded to the carrier with some kind of adhesive. The carbonized product formed by this adhesive at high temperature can provide shear resistance that can effectively prevent graphite from slipping. It is mainly used for fire doors, but it cannot effectively block the flow of cold smoke at room temperature or low temperature, so it must be used in conjunction with room temperature sealants.
5. Sealing material. The raw material high-carbon graphite is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid for acidification treatment, heat treatment and then compression molding. The prepared flexible graphite is a new type of high-performance sealing material and a nano-material grown in situ. Compared with traditional sealing materials such as asbestos rubber, it has excellent properties such as good compressibility, resilience, self-adhesiveness, and low density, and can be used for a long time under harsh working conditions such as high temperature and high corrosion. Graphite sheets and sealing components made of it are widely used in aerospace, machinery, electronics, nuclear energy, petrochemical, electric power, shipbuilding, smelting and other industries. Because it has excellent characteristics such as light weight, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, good resilience, lubricity, plasticity and chemical stability, it is known as the "King of Sealing" in the world.
6. Other applications. Expandable graphite has good electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrothermal conversion rate is over 97%, and can generate far infrared rays. It is a new type of heating material. Expanded graphite is crushed into fine powder, which has strong scattering and absorption characteristics for infrared waves, and is a good infrared shielding (stealth) material. In addition, expanded graphite can also be used as thermal insulation, sound insulation materials, electromagnetic shielding components, catalytic materials, and can also be used as a new type of mold slag and heating agent in the metallurgical industry.
