Sustainable Development

Our company mainly produces artificial graphite and some natural graphite: natural graphite is a non-renewable mineral resource; the main raw materials of artificial graphite are petroleum coke and coal tar pitch, of which petroleum coke accounts for more than 80%, and petroleum coke comes from "industrial blood" - Petroleum is also a non-renewable resource. Therefore, to fully explore the potential and in-depth application of graphite products has always been the goal pursued by the people of L.T People.
In addition, the pollution generated in the graphite production process has always been valued by us: for example, in the graphitization production process, polluting gas and dust pollution will be generated; dust pollution will be generated in the machining process; water produced in the natural graphite purification process pollute.

In the production process

Waste water treatment

For the treatment of wastewater generated during the natural graphite purification process, we use a. neutralization, using lime to precipitate and remove fluoride ion pollutants b. membrane treatment, using multimedia filtration + activated carbon filtration + ultrafiltration + reverse osmosis, using these membranes The selective separation realizes the separation, purification and concentration of different components of the feed liquid. c. Evaporation and crystallization, the subsequent concentrated brine adopts the method of multi-effect evaporation, and the heated brine is evaporated in multiple evaporators in series. The steam evaporated from the previous evaporator is used as the heat source of the next evaporator and condensed become fresh water. All discharged wastewater complies with the relevant provisions of <the Integrated Sewage Discharge Standard (GB 8978)>.
We use the lime causticization method to recover industrial raw material caustic soda

In the process of processing medium-carbon graphite into high-carbon graphite, a large amount of caustic soda is consumed and a large amount of alkaline wastewater is formed. We use the lime causticization method to recover industrial raw material caustic soda, which has achieved good results. The recovery rate of caustic soda accounts for 65.4% of the added amount; the recovered caustic soda is reused for graphite processing and production, which not only effectively saves resources, also enables the effluent meets the national emission standards, realizing the clean production of graphite processing.
The graphite processing workshop adopts a closed management mode

The graphite processing workshop adopts a closed management mode, and rationally arranges each production unit to prevent mutual pollution and leakage of dust. During the production process, the desulfurization tower is used to remove the sulfur components and nitrogen oxide components in the exhaust gas, and the high-voltage electric capture equipment is used to remove dust from the exhaust gas.
The final emission gas meets the clean emission standard and meets the relevant provisions of <the Comprehensive Emission Standard for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996)>.
Light green cars

light green cars in the factory area are used in shifts to clean, vacuum and sprinkle water continuously, to ensure the cleanliness of the factory area.
We use the lime causticization method to recover industrial raw material caustic soda

In the process of processing medium-carbon graphite into high-carbon graphite, a large amount of caustic soda is consumed and a large amount of alkaline wastewater is formed. We use the lime causticization method to recover industrial raw material caustic soda, which has achieved good results. The recovery rate of caustic soda accounts for 65.4% of the added amount; the recovered caustic soda is reused for graphite processing and production, which not only effectively saves resources, also enables the effluent meets the national emission standards, realizing the clean production of graphite processing.

In the field of new energy

Human beings may have better development in the space field in the future, but the earth is still our only livable home. Since the development of human beings, they have interacted and co-existed with the earth's environment, and there are also many sharp contradictions, among which the excessive dependence on non-renewable resources such as fossil energy and environmental pollution are particularly prominent. Lead to global energy shortages, deterioration of the living environment, global warming, frequent extreme weather and other issues. Forward-looking countries have been actively exploring the development and utilization of new energy sources, and making continuous efforts to realize the harmonious coexistence of economic development and environmental protection.
In October 2018, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a report calling on all countries to take action and work hard to control the temperature increase within 1.5 degrees Celsius. To achieve this will require rapid and far-reaching reforms in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport and cities. In 2020, the Chinese government also promised: "China will increase its nationally determined contribution, adopt more powerful policies and measures, optimize the industrial structure and energy structure, strive to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030, and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. And. Graphite materials will play an indispensable role in the realization of the goals of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality".

Introduction of the concept: “Carbon peaking” means that the amount of carbon dioxide emitted is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide that can be absorbed by nature, whoever forms zero emission of carbon dioxide; "carbon neutrality" means that the amount of carbon dioxide emitted is less than the amount of carbon dioxide that can be absorbed by nature. It is the total emission of carbon dioxide that begins to decrease gradually, that is to say, the emission of carbon dioxide no longer appears to increase.

Li-ion power battery and hydrogen fuel cell

The replacement of traditional fuel vehicles by Electric Vehicle (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is the trend of fossil energy replacement. In order to achieve the global goal of carbon neutrality, many countries have set a timetable for banning the sale of fuel vehicles, from 2025 to 2040 wait. At present, there are still many difficulties in the development of electric vehicle technology, such as imperfect charging facilities, vehicle safety and other issues, which require us to continuously explore and improve. Lithium batteries in new energy vehicles are closely related to the application of graphite technology. From the perspective of weight ratio, the main component of lithium batteries is graphite. Take the power lithium battery S1 model on Tesla, the current pioneer of electric vehicles, as an example. Graphite accounts for as much as 54kg, which means that graphite is the basic material of lithium batteries for electric vehicles. We are very proud to say that the basic materials of lithium batteries for new energy vehicles at home and abroad are all graphite made in China.
Graphite is expected to remain the anode material of choice for lithium batteries for decades to come. According to the <2022-2028 Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Material Industry In-depth Research and Investment Prospect Forecast Report>, it is estimated that by 2028, the demand for anode materials for lithium-ion batteries will increase to 1.9 million tons per year, and graphite is used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. , is the heaviest single component and has no substitutes. There is no doubt that more graphite will be needed to support the development of lithium-ion battery production.
Another important development direction - hydrogen fuel cell. It is a device that converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and water through an electrochemical reaction. Compared with traditional combustion methods, the emissions produced by hydrogen fuel cells are mainly water, so they are considered to be an environmentally friendly and efficient energy conversion method.
The future development of hydrogen fuel cells has the following directions:
a. Improve efficiency: At present, the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells still needs to be improved, and one of the main problems is the low efficiency of electrolytic hydrogen production. Future research could focus on improving materials and designs to increase the efficiency of hydrogen production and fuel cell conversion efficiency.
b. Cost reduction: The current cost of hydrogen fuel cells is still high, so the future development direction is to reduce costs, which can be achieved by improving materials and production processes, increasing production efficiency and scale.
c. Construction of hydrogen infrastructure: The construction of hydrogen infrastructure is one of the important factors for the development of hydrogen fuel cells. In the future, hydrogen production, storage, and supply facilities need to be built on a large scale to support the widespread application of hydrogen fuel cells.
d. Expansion of application fields: At present, hydrogen fuel cells are mainly used in transportation fields such as automobiles and buses. In the future, application fields can be expanded, such as applications in electric power, industry, and aviation to achieve wider applications and industrialization.
Graphite materials, such as fuel cell bipolar plates, will support the continuous development of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and the performance and cost of hydrogen fuel cells will continue to be optimized and improved, promoting its application and development in the energy field.

Photovoltaic solar energy and wind energy field

With the shortage of coal and oil resources, solar energy has gradually entered people's field of vision. As a sustainable green industry, small street lamps and houses on the street, large factories, deserts, and space stations have begun to use solar energy to generate electricity . Photovoltaic is the abbreviation of solar power generation system, and its working principle depends on the raw material-silicon that is active in each core link. Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, with about 26.3% in the earth's crust, second only to oxygen. Silicon is a semi-metal between metals and non-metals. In 1823, the Swedish chemist Berzelius isolated silicon for the first time, named it Silicon, and the element symbol is Si. At normal temperature and pressure, silicon has a regular tetrahedral diamond crystal structure. Crystalline silicon is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.12eV. The theoretical conversion efficiency limit of crystalline silicon solar cells can be calculated to be 29%. Crystalline silicon The refractive index of 3.4, without any treatment, 40% of the incident visible light will be reflected on the front surface. Silicon has two allotropes, amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon is black; crystalline silicon is steel gray, with obvious metallic luster, the same crystal lattice as diamond, hard and brittle, and can conduct electricity, but its conductivity is not as good as that of metal and increases with the increase of temperature, which belongs to semiconductor.
The development of the photovoltaic industry is closely related to the graphite industry. We provide graphite materials for various manufacturing processes in the photovoltaic industry. High-purity graphite is used in the entire photovoltaic industry, from silicon ore smelting to polysilicon production, to polysilicon ingots and Many processes such as Czochralski single crystal are applied. Take the graphite components produced by photovoltaic polysilicon materials as an example. Regardless of the reduction furnace or the hydrogenation furnace, there are extremely high temperatures and corrosive environments in the furnace. Our graphite materials are suitable for these severe challenges due to their high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. . For example, it can be used to make heating elements for hydrogenation furnaces, heat preservation barrels, gas distributors, etc.
Graphite has other major applications in the photovoltaic industry:
a. Flexible substrate for solar cells: Graphite film has the characteristics of lightness, flexibility, and conductivity, and can be used as a substrate material for flexible solar cells to make bendable photovoltaic modules.
b. Back electrode material: Graphite film has the characteristics of low light absorption rate, high conductivity, and good chemical stability. It can be used as the back electrode of various solar cells instead of aluminum or copper electrodes.
c. Photovoltaic support material: Graphite fiber has high-strength and high-modulus mechanical properties, which can be used to make supports for photovoltaic power plants to improve the installation efficiency and service life of photovoltaic arrays.
d. Photovoltaic transparent conductive film: Graphene transparent conductive film has high light transmittance and electrical conductivity, and can be used to replace indium tin oxide film as a transparent front electrode of photovoltaic cells. e. Friction material: Graphite has a low and stable friction coefficient and can be used for braking and bearings of wind turbines and trolleys in photovoltaic power plants to reduce energy loss and mechanical wear.
f. Charging electrodes: Graphite electrodes have the advantages of high conductivity and good corrosion resistance, and can be used as charging electrodes for photovoltaic energy storage batteries to improve battery charging efficiency and cycle life
Another important clean energy - wind energy, the flexible cable-shaped graphite lightning protection grounding electrode is a necessary component and operating part. It is a new type of graphite conductive cable made of graphite as the main raw material. It belongs to non-metallic conductive materials. The conductor is inert, chemically stable, and has excellent electrical conductivity. It is not corroded by strong acids, strong alkalis, organic solvents and galvanic couples under normal temperature conditions. It does not rust, has stable resistance, and has a long service life. The flexible cable-shaped graphite ground electrode is mainly composed of a connection terminal, a cable-shaped body of the ground electrode, and an insulating protective sleeve. According to the latest statistics from the National Energy Administration, as of the end of November 2022, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in the country is about 350 million kilowatts. To achieve the installed capacity target of 430 million kilowatts in 2023, it is estimated that the newly installed wind power grid-connected capacity in 2023 will be around 55GW.

Environmental pollution control

From the traditional activated carbon and the super adsorption capacity of expanded graphite to the application of graphene-based materials in environmental pollution control, carbon and graphite have always played an important role in the field of environmental protection.
Summary of the use of activated carbon:
a. Water purification effect of activated carbon: Activated carbon can remove residual chlorine, colloid, organic matter, heavy metals (such as mercury, silver, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, etc.), radioactive substances, etc. in water. It is the earliest and most widely used in water purifiers. A wide range of practical water purification materials. Activated carbon forms a large number of fine pores of various shapes during the activation process, which has a strong adsorption effect.
b. Sewage treatment: the environmental protection industry is used for sewage treatment, waste gas and harmful gas treatment, and gas purification. The SO2 and NOx emitted during the coal combustion process in my country are the main air pollutants, and the desulfurization and denitrification of modified activated carbon materials The treatment effect is good, the investment operation cost is low, and the advantages such as easy recycling have attracted people's attention.
c. Household adsorption: Activated carbon adsorption is the most widely used, most mature, safest, most reliable method for removing indoor pollution, and absorbs the most types of substances. As an excellent physical and chemical adsorbent, activated carbon has attracted more and more attention. The high-efficiency and environmentally friendly activated carbon pack can absorb all harmful indoor gas molecules such as formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, xylene, and radon in the air, and quickly eliminate decoration odors.

Expanded graphite has great application potential in oil pollution treatment of marine oil spill accidents.
In the 1990s, Israeli scientists have tested and confirmed: worm-like expanded graphite has the ability to absorb petroleum products from water, and can be made into various shapes. It does not absorb water, and after absorbing a large amount of oil, it forms blocks and floats on the water surface. , does not sink, easy to collect.
Tsinghua University also proved at the same time that natural flake graphite (particle size 0.3mm, carbon content 99%) was used to soak and adsorb oil with expanded graphite with a specific surface area of 69.81m2/g after electrochemical intercalation. Expanded graphite Among the three materials, cotton and activated carbon, expanded graphite has the largest adsorption capacity of various types of oil, among which the adsorption capacity of the heaviest oil reaches 79.2g/g, and the adsorption capacity of gasoline reaches 37.7g/g
In 2008, according to the expansive graphite regeneration treatment method experiment conducted by Hebei University, it was concluded that expanded graphite saturated with heat transfer oil can be regenerated by vacuum filtration or combustion, and the removal efficiency of the two methods for oil is 68.6% and 98% respectively. , The regeneration efficiency of vacuum filtration method and combustion method in 5 consecutive adsorptions is close to 50%. Vacuum filtration method is an economical, safe and effective regeneration method, which can recover the oil lost due to leakage.
Research on the application of graphene in water treatment
a. The application of graphene to treat heavy metal elements in wastewater. Heavy metal ions are a difficult point in wastewater treatment and recycling. The large specific surface area of graphene materials can increase its contact area with water and can absorb heavy metal ions in wastewater. Modification and modification of graphene can improve the hydrophilicity, realize the complexation reaction of heavy metal ions, and improve the adsorption efficiency. The pH will affect the adsorption ability of graphene to metal ions, and the increase of pH value will enhance the adsorption performance of Pb2+ and Cd2+, which is better than other traditional adsorption materials.
b. The application of graphene to treat organic matter in wastewater. The presence of too much organic matter in water will reduce the oxygen content of water, leading to the deterioration of water quality and water pollution. Graphene can realize the adsorption of organic matter such as organic dyes, antibiotics and oil.
First of all, the textile industry is the most important source of organic pollutants in water. Dyeing and finishing processes will produce a large amount of wastewater rich in organic dyes, and its indiscriminate discharge will cause serious harm to water bodies and human bodies. A three-dimensional graphene oxide reported in the literature, the electronegative properties of its oxygen-containing groups can adsorb positive ions in dyes and enhance the adsorption of graphene to organic dyes. Graphene as a high-performance carrier combined with TiO2 photocatalyst can improve the photocatalytic performance and efficiently degrade organic matter in water.
Second, organic solvents such as oil are also an important source of water pollution and soil pollution. Graphene itself has strong lipophilicity, coupled with its high adsorption capacity and high adsorption efficiency, it is conducive to the adsorption of organic solvents such as oil in wastewater. Graphene airgel, graphene sponge, etc. can increase the adsorption capacity and increase the adsorption speed, and can be used for emergency treatment of water pollution caused by crude oil leakage.
Finally, antibiotics are a potential environmental hazard, which will not only break the balance of microbial populations in the natural environment, but also easily lead to drug resistance in the human body. At present, adsorption method, biological method and advanced oxidation method are mainly used to deal with antibiotics. Among them, both the biological method and the advanced oxidation method have certain defects in application, and the side effects of the adsorption method are relatively small. By modifying graphene, the adsorption speed and adsorption capacity of graphene to antibiotics can be improved, and it will be enhanced with the increase of temperature, but the higher ion concentration will affect the improvement of its adsorption capacity [4]. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the appropriate temperature and concentration when adsorbing antibiotics.
c. The application of graphene in seawater desalination engineering. While dealing with water quality-type water shortage, increasing the increment of water resources is also an important means to solve the shortage of water resources. Based on the excellent barrier properties of graphene, the use of graphene can effectively improve the resistance to salt ions in seawater. barrier, in order to achieve the purpose of seawater desalination. Experiments have shown that graphene oxide films can achieve this function. Through the effective control of the graphene membrane layer spacing, the precise screening of pure water and salt ions can be achieved, and the efficiency of seawater desalination can be improved. Moreover, the graphene desalination membrane is durable and low in cost. In addition, the research and development of independent solar converters can greatly improve the desalination function of seawater, and this technology is very likely to achieve industrial application in the near future. In addition, in addition to seawater desalination, graphene materials are also used to purify drinking water, reduce the replacement of filter elements for water purification equipment, and save water purification costs.
Application of graphene in air pollution control engineering
The scientific and effective treatment of air pollution requires related technological innovation and new material research and development. Because of its unique advantages, graphene materials also play an important role in the field of air treatment.
a. Graphene, as a special activated carbon material, has a large surface area and excellent adsorption performance, and is the material of choice for air pollution control. Air pollution is mainly caused by dust and harmful gases. Graphene's excellent adsorption properties enable it to absorb dust in the air and reduce the concentration of particulate matter in the air. At the same time, various harmful gases represented by formaldehyde can be removed. The graphene mask developed by utilizing the antibacterial properties of graphene can protect the respiratory system. Modified graphene can also transform harmful gases and improve the atmospheric environment.
b. Graphene has great application potential in air pollution detection and treatment. Because graphene has an ultra-wide spectral bandwidth, its photodetector has a wide spectral detection range, which can detect the strong resonance absorption peak of gas molecules in the mid-infrared region, convert trace gas concentrations into electrical signals, and detect pollution Condition. Graphene-doped titanium dioxide composite materials can decompose pollutants under ultraviolet light irradiation, so they can be used for air pollution control.

Sustainable Development

In the field of new energy

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