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In the field of precision measurement, the micrometer is a vital tool, and its development history reflects mankind's unremitting pursuit of high-precision measurement.
Origin: The origin of the micrometer can be traced back to the mid-19th century, when the Industrial Revolution promoted the rapid development of mechanical manufacturing, and the requirements for the accuracy of parts became higher and higher. Traditional measuring tools could no longer meet the increasingly precise processing needs. Against this background, scientists and engineers began to explore tools that can accurately measure tiny size changes, and the micrometer came into being. Its principle is based on the transmission of the screw pair. By rotating the screw, the micrometer screw produces a tiny axial displacement, and then accurately measures the size of the object. This ingenious design enables the measurement accuracy to reach one thousandth of a millimeter, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.
Use: The use of the micrometer has certain norms and skills. Before use, you need to check the appearance of the micrometer to ensure that all parts are intact, especially the surface of the anvil and the micrometer screw should be clean, flat and free of wear. Afterwards, zero calibration should be performed. Turn the ratchet to make the anvil lightly contact the micrometer screw. At this time, observe whether the zero scale line on the differential cylinder is aligned with the reference line on the fixed sleeve. If there is a deviation, it needs to be corrected by the fine-tuning knob. This step is the basis for ensuring measurement accuracy. During the measurement process, place the object to be measured between the anvil and the micrometer screw, turn the ratchet, and when the ratchet makes a "click" sound, it indicates that the measuring force is appropriate, and the measurement value can be read at this time.
Reading: ① Standard scale, graduation value is 0.01mm
Usually, when the baseline is aligned, the last digit of the dimension can be estimated by the position of the baseline.
The graduation value can be read to 0.01mm as shown in the figure above, or to 0.001mm as shown in the figure below.
② With a vernier scale, the graduation value is 0.001mm
The micrometer with a vernier scale has a vernier scale on the base line of the casing. The reading method at this time is shown in the figure below.
When the guide line is between two scale marks (in this case, 21 and 22), the reading is 0.21mm.
When the vernier scale is aligned with one of the differential barrel marks, the reading is 0.003mm.
③ Notes on reading:
Do not miss or misread the scale below the baseline.
When reading the scale of the differential cylinder, you must look straight at the baseline from the front.
If you read at an angle like (a) or (c), you will be affected by visual deviation and cannot read the correct position of the scale, resulting in reading errors.
Application: Micrometers are widely used in many fields such as machinery manufacturing, automobile industry, aerospace, etc. In mechanical processing, they are used to accurately measure the outer diameter, inner diameter, thickness and other dimensions of parts to ensure that the processing accuracy of parts meets the design requirements, thereby ensuring the performance and quality of the entire mechanical product. For example, when L.T Graphite produces pistons, it requires high precision. The diameter range of the piston requires an error of ±0.005. We will also use micrometers to calibrate each one after production is completed.
Conclusion: As a high-precision measuring tool, micrometer has witnessed the progress of human industrial technology from its birth to its widespread application. Correctly understanding its origin and mastering its use are of great significance to ensuring the accuracy of precision measurement and promoting the high-quality development of various industries. It continues to play an indispensable role in modern industrial production and scientific research, and provides solid technical support for the pursuit of excellent precision and quality.